Züchtung für einen widerstandsfähigen, effizienten und nachhaltigen biologischen Gemüseanbau

Das Projekt befasst sich mit der Beschaffung klimabeständiger Sorten für den biologischen Gemüseanbau. Diese neuen Sorten werden den Biolandwirten und der Biosaatgutindustrie zugutekommen, und bieten unter den aktuellen als auch zukünftigen Szenarien des Klimawandels die nötige Sicherheit. In diesem Projekt werden wir die genetische Variation von Brokkoli, Bohne und Tomate für eine verbesserte Produktivität nutzen, indem wir das aktuelle Wissen über die Struktur und Funktion des Genoms nutzen. Dies wird durch die aktive Beteiligung von Landwirten, Beratungsdiensten, Forschungsinstituten, Züchtungsunternehmen und Lebensmittelverarbeitern aus verschiedenen geografischen und klimatischen Kontexten in Europa und Nicht-EU-Ländern ergänzt.

Die Auswahl der Vorzucht / Zuchtlinien für die drei Arten erfolgt in biologischen Gemüseanbausystemen unter Verwendung eines jährlichen Fruchtfolgeplans. Neue Sorten werden nach Effizienz beim Anbau unter Wasser, nach Temperatur und Stickstoffstress, nach Resistenz gegen einige Schädlinge und Krankheiten, nach erwünschten Produktqualitätsmerkmalen wie Geschmack, Aussehen und Leistung nach der Ernte ausgewählt.

The overall aim of the project is to improve the competitiveness of three of the most economically important vegetable crop families (Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae species) when grown in an organic production system; giving growers confidence that they will achieve a sustainable yield. This will be achieved by exploring these species genetic diversity with advanced genomic and phenomic approaches and applying novel markers and traits discovered in the selection of new breeding material for organic breeding.

We will create a pipeline for crop improvement that will accelerate breeding activities and production of high quality organic seed. The use of Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae landraces (LRs) and crop wild relatives (CWRs) will help to develop new breeding material with a broad genetic base, allowing selection of germplasm that is better suited to growth in limiting or changing agro-climatic conditions (e.g. by enhancing resilience through use of the adaptive traits such as root size and architecture, interaction with the soil microbiome) and therefore improving final quality of the produce and its post-harvest performance.

The project will provide the means for enhancing the use of Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae genetic resources in breeding vegetable types across Europe. In this context, the new genetic markers generated by this work will allow other researchers to map and select novel allelic variants from the assembled genetic resources. Breeders can quickly adapt germplasm into their organic breeding programmes. This includes the markers we develop that are associated with resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and with higher productivity and quality. Therefore pre-breeding lines containing beneficial traits will be utilized for breeding activities of each crop for its better adaptation to organic vegetable farming systems. In the long term, the outputs from this project will allow the development of selected cultivars (open pollinated, hybrids), and the introduction of step-changes in the farming systems and practices adapted to organic agriculture based on selection and breeding of appropriate brassicas, snap bean and tomato germplasm with improved yield stability, stress tolerance and human health benefits.

Specific objectives will include:

1. Establishing core collections of non-redundant genotypes for each species: B. oleracea, P. vulgaris and S. lycopersicum. These will be assembled using genotypic and phenotypic data of germplasm resources (LR, CWR, and breeding lines) already available by project partners. The core collection of each species (B. oleracea, P. vulgaris and S. lycopersicum) will be genotyped using next-generation sequencing approaches, and phenotyped for traits relevant to organic farming, facilitating the identification of specific genes/QTL underpinning phenotypic variation. This will enable marker-assisted-selection, which is an important goal for seed companies.
2. Exploring the genetic basis of main traits for organic cultivation and develop molecular markers for assisted breeding of new cultivars (OP cultivars, inbred lines and hybrids) adapted to organic farming agro-systems. We will evaluate during the four years of the project, defined main plant descriptors related to biotic and abiotic stresses on several organic vegetable farming systems in different European and non-European locations, in view to reach the breeding goals indicated by BRESOV stakeholders. The pre-breeding and breeding lines, and new cultivars will be evaluated in annual rotation shift brassica, snap bean and tomato.
3. Increase quality and quantity of organic vegetable seed available for the growers of different European geographic/climatic conditions by developing methodologies that ensure the availability of organic seed of high quality. Often growers complain about poor seed quality and reduced yields. Therefore, this is an important goal if we want to increase the accessibility, and confidence in current and future organic agriculture systems within the EU.
4. Improve the adaptability of the target crops in organic vegetable farming systems and the interaction between the new cultivars and the soil microbiome. To maximise the performance of the new germplasm, selection will be performed under organic growing conditions.
5. Demonstration/testing/training activities to disseminate the outcomes of the project in view to innovate vegetable organic farming to the BRESOV stakeholders. One of our primary goals is to make organic agriculture accessible to more growers, especially in those regions that do not currently practice these methods. This requires the transfer of knowledge and skills if attitudes are to change, especially where cultural barriers exist. Having a broad partner and stakeholder base, will help facilitate this.

• Europäische Kommission, Horizon 2020 – Das EU-Forschungsrahmenprogramm unter dem Call H2020-SFS-2017-2 und der Finanzhilfevereinbarung Nr. 774244.

• Europäische Kommission, Horizon 2020

Projektkoordination

•  Università degli Studi di Catania, Italien

Beteiligte Partner

• European Seed Association, Belgien
• Universidad de Almeria, Spanien
• Universidade de Tras-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
• Vyzkumny ustav rostlinne vyroby, v.v.i., Tschechische Republik
• Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau FiBL, Schweiz
• Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italien
• Vegenov-BBV, Frankreich
• The University of Liverpool, Vereinigtes Königreich
• Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain
• Vegetable Research and Development Station Bacau, Rumänien
• Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia Agraria (CREA), Italien
• Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, China
• Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
• Universite de Tunis el Manar, Tunesien
• Servicio Regional de Investigacion y Desarrollo Agroalimentario del Principado de Asturias (SERIDA), Spanien
• ProSpecieRara, Schweiz
• Itaka Srl., Italien
• Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Frankreich
• Chungnam National University, Korea
• Station Essais en Cultures Légumières du 22 (SECL), Frankreich
• EURICE - European Research and Project Office GmbH, Deutschland

• Herforth-Rahmé Joelle (Departement für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften)

• Gamper Cardinali Carlo (Departement für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften)
• Hauenstein Samuel (Departement für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften)
• Hofer Sheila (Departement für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften)
• Schwitter Patricia (Departement Westschweiz)
• Sommer Léa (Departement für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften)

Leiter des Arbeitspakets (WP5), Projektpartner

• Gemüse- & Kräuteranbau (Departement für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften, FiBL Schweiz)